Protestantism and Patriotism: Ideologies and the Making of English Foreign Policy, 1650-1668 (Cambridge Studies in Early Modern British History)
Language: English
Pages: 524
ISBN: 0521893682
Format: PDF / Kindle (mobi) / ePub
Protestantism and Patriotism is a detailed study of the first two Anglo-Dutch Wars (1652-1654 and 1665-1667) and the ideological contexts in which they were fought. It differs from other treatments of English foreign policy in this period by emphasizing that diplomacy, trade and warfare cannot be studied in isolation from domestic culture. It also insists, unlike most studies of domestic politics in the period, that England's place in Europe and the wider world was central to political and cultural developments in this revolutionary age.
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September/3 October 1653, Bod., Rawl. A6, p. 333; Mercurius Politicus, 29 September-6 October 1653, p. 2780; newsletter from United Provinces, 28 October/7 November 1653, Bod., Rawl. A7, p. 261; newsletter from The Hague, 29 October/8 November 1653, Bod., Rawl. A7, pp. 295-296; A Perfect Account, 2-9 November 1653, p. [1180]; Thurloe to Whitelocke, 21 January 1654, Sigismund Freiherrn von Bischoffshausen, Die Politik des Protectors Oliver Cromwell in der Auffassung und Thdtigkeit seines Ministers
December 1652, p. 719 (Sussex). Accounts of seized ships fill the pages of all the Commonwealth's newspapers throughout the Dutch War. I provide only a sample here: Mercurius Britannicus, 26 July-2 August 1652, pp. 25, 29; French Occurrences, 26 July-2 August 1652, p. 79; Weekly Intelligencer, 17-24 August 1652, p. 571; Weekly Intelligencer, 14-21 September 1652, p. 602; bailiffs of Ipswich to Richard Bradshaw, 12 July 1652, PRO, SP 18/24/ Pt. I, f. 108r; newsletter from Yarmouth, 22 July 1652,
for The Hague as planned on 4 January, carrying with them a treaty to be ratified rather than the certainty of another season of human misery. The Treaty of Westminster legally encodified the war aims of the Cromwellian moderates. "You cannot I presume think that [the Dutch] have cause to brave it," James Waynright wrote to his trading partner Richard Bradshaw after the articles of the treaty were published, "but plead necessity that they made those articles." John Thurloe later recalled that the
and the English Revolution (London, 1990), especially pp.121-122. The Grand Catastrophe, p. 11; Strena Vavasoriensis: A New-Years Gift for the Welch Itinerants (London, 1654), Thomason: 30 January 1654, pp. 16-17. For the claim that God did not prescribe a single form of government see John Jones to Colonel Philip Jones, 13 January 1654, in Joseph Mayer (editor), "Inedited Letters of Cromwell, Colonel Jones, Bradshaw, and Other Regicides," in Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and
the Council of State could deliver an answer to the Dutch propositions. This delay should not, however, be read as an attempt to derail the negotiations. During this period the Council of State allowed the Dutch free access to the negotiating committee, a committee which was supplemented by the pro-Dutch Henry Vane and Cromwell's old friend Sir William Masham. 69 After a conference in early April, both sides spent the rest of the month fine-tuning the treaty. On 26 April "the business of Holland,