A Companion to Cognitive Science
Language: English
Pages: 816
ISBN: 0631218513
Format: PDF / Kindle (mobi) / ePub
Unmatched in the quality of its world-renowned contributors, this multidisciplinary companion serves as both a course text and a reference book across the broad spectrum of issues of concern to cognitive science.
The Hoarders: Material Deviance in Modern American Culture
Solution Focused Brief Therapy: 100 Key Points and Techniques
Drive, Ego, Object, And Self: A Synthesis For Clinical Work
Opening Skinner's Box: Great Psychological Experiments of the Twentieth Century
responsible for the similarities and differences we have observed across cultures. For example, to ascertain whether these cultural differences are related primarily to differences in expertise, we are currently studying the categorization and reasoning of selected subpopulations of North Americans (e.g., bird-watchers, tree experts, etc.) to see how novices and experts differ. Another approach is to chart the emergence and modification of these systems over time. This is where the developmental
synonymous with other words, what words are antonyms (opposites), what words name things with part-whole relations (as, for example, arm and body), what ones name things with inclusion relations (as, for example, dog and animal), and so on. Characterizing meanings in terms of defining features provides a way of doing this: Two words are synonymous if they have the same defining features; two words have an inclusion relation if the defining features of one are included in the defining features of
investigators seek to combine rule learning with reinforcement learning, to perform on-line incremental learning that acquires a variety of different types of knowledge simultaneously. Within the connectionist paradigm, there are also models that perform the aforementioned learning tasks. These connectionist learning algorithms combine the advantages of their symbolic counterparts with the connectionist characteristics of being noise/fault-tolerant and being capable of generalization (through
muscles for the same movement are not activated simultaneously. The effect of winning the competition is that the excitatory loop involving the neurons representing that action in the cortex and the striatum is opened, thereby encouraging the relevant action to be performed. Cells in the motor cortex representing actions that do not win the competition are not boosted in this manner, and so their actions are not performed. As pointed out by Ann Graybiel (1995), the anatomy of this system forces
When do children learn? In R. Glaser (ed.), Advances in Instructional Psychology, vol. 2, Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 121 211. Tulving, E. 1983: Elements of Episodic Memory. New York: Oxford University Press. Page 691 55 Ethics Mark L. Johnson Every moral tradition and every moral theory necessarily presupposes some specific view of how the mind works and of what a person is. The cognitive sciences constitute our principal source of knowledge about human cognition and psychology. Consequently, the