Darfur and the Crime of Genocide (Cambridge Studies in Law and Society)
John Hagan, Wenona Rymond-Richmond
Language: English
Pages: 296
ISBN: 0521731356
Format: PDF / Kindle (mobi) / ePub
In 2004, the State Department gathered more than a thousand interviews from refugees in Chad that verified Colin Powell's U.N. and congressional testimonies about the Darfur genocide. The survey cost nearly a million dollars to conduct and yet it languished in the archives as the killing continued, claiming hundreds of thousands of murder and rape victims and restricting several million survivors to camps. This book for the first time fully examines that survey and its heartbreaking accounts. It documents the Sudanese government's enlistment of Arab Janjaweed militias in destroying black African communities. The central questions are: Why is the United States so ambivalent to genocide? Why do so many scholars deemphasize racial aspects of genocide? How can the science of criminology advance understanding and protection against genocide? This book gives a vivid firsthand account and voice to the survivors of genocide in Darfur.
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third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Contents Glossary page viii List of Characters xiii Prologue: On Our Watch xvii 1 Darfur Crime Scenes 1 2 The Crime of Crimes 31 3 While Criminology Slept 57 with Heather Schoenfeld 4 Flip-Flopping on Darfur 79 with Alberto Palloni and Patricia Parker 5 Eyewitnessing Genocide 105 6 The Rolling Genocide 137 7 The
Respini-Irwin, “Geointelligence Informs Darfur Policy,” Geointelligence, September 1, 2005. 45. See Michael Hindelang, “Race and Involvement in Common Law Personal Crimes,” American Sociological Review 43 (1978): 93–109. 46. To illustrate the coding of incidents for the severity scale, we present the example of a 35-year-old Masalit woman with a score of 52. This attack occurred in a village near Masteri. Sudanese government troops and Arab Janjaweed militia attacked her village on December 1,
(USAID) and WHILE CRIMINOLOGY SLEPT 59 the Coalition for International Justice (CIJ), an international nonprofit advocacy group. This survey of refugees who fled from Darfur to Chad overcame problems of access to Sudan’s western region of Darfur by focusing on the bombings, killings, rapes, property theft and destruction, and related victimizations experienced by fleeing refugees. We introduce this survey in greater detail in Chapter 4. In 2004, Colin Powell charged Sudan with genocide in
more one-sided conflicts to come. Indigenous forms of dispute settlement disappeared, and the central government in 112 DARFUR AND THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE Khartoum imposed no new or more successful mechanisms to resolve the conflicts. A dismissive Arab supremacist ideology magnified rather than mitigated these bloody, unresolved conflicts. The “Arabization” of the conflict dates in Darfur to the mid-1980s. One source involved the activities of the Libyan strongman Muammar Qaddafi, who
than her reported 35 years of age. Another respondent confirmed the description of the training camp and provided a second map of its location near the Wadi and Midop area. He confirmed that the training lasted about a month and that “they trained in shooting, including with . . . a shoulder-fired weapon (i.e., a bazooka) that makes a terrible sound.” Militia leaders prohibited villagers from traveling or grazing their animals in the shooting range dur- ing this period. Journalists who